python装饰器的wraps作用

Python装饰器(decorator)在实现的时候,被装饰后的函数其实已经是另外一个函数了(函数名等函数属性会发生改变),为了不影响,Python的functools包中提供了一个叫wraps的decorator来消除这样的副作用。写一个decorator的时候,最好在实现之前加上functools的wrap,它能保留原有函数的名称和docstring。

实例一:

不加wraps

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
#coding=utf-8
# -*- coding=utf-8 -*-
from functools import wraps
def my_decorator(func):
def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
'''decorator'''
print('Calling decorated function...')
return func(*args, **kwargs)
return wrapper

@my_decorator
def example():
"""Docstring"""
print('Called example function')
print(example.__name__, example.__doc__)

执行结果:

1
2
('wrapper', 'decorator')
[Finished in 0.2s]

实例二:

加wraps

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
#coding=utf-8
# -*- coding=utf-8 -*-
from functools import wraps
def my_decorator(func):
@wraps(func)
def wrapper(*args, **kwargs):
'''decorator'''
print('Calling decorated function...')
return func(*args, **kwargs)
return wrapper

@my_decorator
def example():
"""Docstring"""
print('Called example function')
print(example.__name__, example.__doc__)

执行结果:

1
2
('example', 'Docstring')
[Finished in 0.5s]